Micro-nano energetic materials exhibit excellent properties and good application results due to their small size effect, crystal perfection effect, high surface energy and high surface activity. In this paper, the current advances in the recrystallization technologies and pulverization technologies used in the preparation of micro-nano energetic materials at present, and the drying technologies, characterization methods of particle size and morphology, mechanisms of sensitivity changed with particle size, application directions and effect etc. of micro-nano energetic materials were summarized based on the related research work of scholars both at home and abroad. It is pointed out that micro-nano energetic materials in the future should focus on the research work of strengthening basic theory, simulation, functional mechanism of application, engineering magnification and practical application etc. of micro-nano energetic materials, so that micro-nano energetic materials can be transferred into engineering applications as soon as possible, so as to accelerate the development of high-energy solid rocket propellants, composite explosives, gun propellants as well as pyrotechnics, and improve their performances.