A new zwitterionic energetic compound N-(2,2-dinitroethyl)-aminoguanidine can be obtained through two-step reactions (degradation reaction and substitution reaction) using 2,2-dinitro-1,3-propanediol as raw material in a total yield of 65%. Its structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction，FT-IR, NMR (¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR) and elemental analyses. Its thermal decomposition temperature was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC-TG), and energetic parameters were calculated using the method of isodesmic reactions and K-J formula. The results show that the crystal of zwitterionic N-(2,2-dinitroethyl)-aminoguanidine belongs to monoclinic system and P2₁/n space group with cell parameters of a=8.8613(10) Å，b=6.4568(6) Å，c=13.4134(16) Å，α= 90°，β=95.093(4)°，γ=90°, V=764.43(14) nm³，Z=4，D_c=1.670 g·cm^-3，F(000)＝400. The decomposition temperature locates at 183.8 ℃, and calculated detonation velocities and pressures are 8333 m·s^-1, 29.4 GPa, respectively. The measured impact and friction sensitivities are low (IS=20 J,FS=120 N)。