Electrically controlled solid propellants (ECSPs) have the characteristics of on-line combustion, power-off extinction and real-time adjustable burning rate, which has good application prospects in the field of propulsion from the micro-scale to macro-scale solid rocket motors. In this paper, the preparation methods of ECSPs worldwide in recent years are summarized, which are mainly swelling method, melt mixing method, room temperature method, freeze-thaw method and 3D printing method. The thermal stability, electric resistance characteristics, ignition and combustion performance, aging features, arc ablation and plume characteristics of ECSPs are reviewed. The hydroxylamine nitrate-based ECSPs with low toxicity, high specific impulse and high controllability and perchlorate-based ECSPs with high flameout pressure threshold are the current research focuses. The future research directions of ECSPs is to strengthen and improve the properties research of ECSPs, develop and normalize the ignition and combustion performance test devices and method, improve the burning rates of ECSPs, study the ignition and combustion mechanism of ECSPs deeply, and establish the ignition and combustion models.