The green synthesis of nitrate esters using dinitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅) as nitrating agent was briefly summarized. Three green nitration systems, N₂O₅-organic solvent, N₂O₅-solid support and introduction of blocking group were introduced. The characteristic and prospect of each nitration system were analyzed. The ring-open nitration of propylene oxide compounds was investigated using dinitrogen pentoxide as nitrating agent. The electronic effect and steric effect of substituent on nitration of propylene oxide compounds were discussed.