CuO aerogel was prepared by sol-gel method combined with supercritical fluid drying. Polyacrylic acid and 1, 2-propylene oxide were used as dispersant and accelerant of Cu(Ⅱ) ion hydrolysis. Al/CuO nanothermite was prepared under the moderate and non-toxic condition. The characteristics of structure and thermal behavior were investigated by Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), differential thermal analysis(DTA)-differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Results show nano-Al particles and CuO aerogel are composited uniformly. From DSC curve, Al/CuO nanothermite has two exothermic peaks at 598 ℃ and 752 ℃. And the rapid combustion process is accompanied with bright flame.