To safely and accurately monitor the risk of combustion and explosion of explosive and propelant powder caused by electrostatic discharge, aiming at three kinds of monitoring methods, including field strength monitoring and Faraday cylinder charge quantity monitoring and induced current integral charge quantity monitoring, corresponding testing devices were established. The contrast testing study on the accuracy of the electrostatic field monitoring data obtained by different methods and the reliability of the electrostatic monitoring was performed by the way of substitute material and the safety of the monitoring system was evaluated. Results show that when powder pile height in storage bin is 200 mm, the field strength monitored by powder pile surface is 2160 kV, which is only 1/7 of the field strength of 14709 kV in base of powder pile, when powder pile height is 100 mm, the field strength data of powder pile surface is 20 times of the calibration data, it can not achieve accurate and reliable monitoring of electrostatic discharge risk. The monitoring data of Faraday cylinder charge quantity monitoring method and induced current integral charge quantity monitoring method are accurate, they can realie the reliable monitoring of electrostatic field, but Faraday cylinder charge quantity monitoring system itself exists the risk of electrostatic discharge, whereas induced current integral charge quantity monitoring system has good safety.