The energy characteristics of CMDB propellant containing 2, 3-bis (hydroxymethyl)-2, 3-dinitro-1, 4-butanediol tetranitrate (DNTN) were calculated by NASA-CEA software based on the minimum free energy method. The interaction of DNTN with components of composite modified double base (CMDB) propellant was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Results show tthat The substitution of RDX in nitrocellulose(NC)+ nitroglycerin(NG)/Hexogen(RDX)/Al propellant formulation for DNTN makes the system have the greatest theorety specific impulse, reaching 2666.5 N·s·kg^-1, the characteristic velocity increase gradually, the oxgen coefficient improve gradually. The substitution of all AP in NC+NG/AP/Al propellant formulation for DNTN makes the system have the greatest theory specific impulse, up to 2669.1 N·s·kg^-1, the average molecular weight of combustion gases decrease and the combustion temperature rise, indicating that DNTN has good application potential in CMDB propellant. There are not obvious interactions between DNTN with (NC/NG), RDX, Octogen (HMX), hexanitrohexaazaiso-wurtzitane (CL-20), carbon black (C.B) and N-nitrodihydroxyethylaminedinitrate (DINA), and there are strong interaction between DNTN with lead phthalate(φ-Pb) and 1, 3-dimethyl-1, 3-diphenylurea(C2).