This paper deals with the possibility of treating the wastewater containing RDX by a novel bioassay techuique. The general characteristics of the wastewater were analyzed,and its anaerobic biodegradability was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the anaerobic biotreatment is suitable to apply to this wastewater. The biodegradability could amount to 89.9%,and the pH value of the wastewater could meet anaerobic reactor′s requirements. For lack of nitrogen and phosphorous source as nutrients,it is necessary to add salts containing these two elements into the water in order to meet the ratio of COD_BD：N：P=300～500:5:1. In addition,sulphates exhibit no negative effects on the wastewater biotreatment,and 94% of RDX in the wastewater could be destroyed and removed.