The fatigue properties of hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) propellant specimen at room temperature were studied by using infrared thermography.Based on the assumption of the limiting energy theory, a energy model of Miner′s linear cumulative damage theory was established to predict the residual life of materials.The temperature change during fatigue loading was explained by a theoretical model based on heat conduction, thermoelasic and inelastic effects. Results show that the temperature evolution in the fatigue loading process of HTPB propellant is mainly divided into three stages: initial temperature rise, temperature stabilization and temperature rise rapidly. The fatigue limit of HTPB propellant predicted by infrared thermography is 0.102 MPa and 0.113 MPa, the relative errors are 3.55% and 14.7% compared with the experimental result of 0.0985 MPa. The S-N curve obtained by the energy method is in good agreement with the S-N curve obtained by the traditional test method. Miner's energy model can accurately predict the residual life of the HTPB propellant under cyclic loading, and the relative error with the actual life is not more than 10%.