Nitrogen-rich energetic compounds have garnered extensive attention due to their remarkable properties, including high nitrogen content, superior energy density, excellent thermal stability, low sensitivity, and environmental friendliness. Among stable azoles, tetrazole stands out as the most energetic compound with the highest nitrogen content. Introducing diverse energetic rings or substituent groups into the tetrazole backbone offers a promising strategy for designing nitrogen-rich energetic materials that combine outstanding energy performance with appropriate sensitivity. This review systematically summarizes the synthetic methods of nearly 200 tetrazole-based nitrogen-rich energetic compounds, categorizes these compounds based on the number of rings and their connection modes, and highlights the physicochemical and detonation properties of representative energetic compounds. Finally, future development prospects for these materials are discussed.: create new structures of tetrazole based energetic compounds, promote the engineering process of materials with promising applications, and conduct research on the application of 52.