Reactive tungsten alloys represent a class of metallic energetic structural materials featuring tungsten as a high-density framework reinforced with reactive elements such as Zr and Ti， thereby offering synergistic potential for high-strength load-bearing， kinetic penetration， and shock-induced energy release. This review systematically addresses the compositional design and fabrication methods of reactive tungsten alloys， surveys their typical microstructural characteristics and structure-property relationships， and summarizes penetration behavior and energy release characterization techniques under high-velocity impact conditions. Finally， integrating the need for composition-microstructure-property correlation， future research priorities encompass machine learning-enabled intelligent multi-objective design， development of large-scale component forming technologies with scale-up processing， and in-depth elucidation of multiscale constitutive modeling and penetration-energy release mechanisms， aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the development and engineering implementation of high-performance reactive tungsten alloys.