The pressure of underwater near-field explosion is high and damping rapidly, which is difficult to test accurately. At present, there is a lack of sufficient understanding of the near-field explosion loading characteristics and driving power of aluminized explosives, especially when changing the content and size of aluminum particles, it is still impossible to accurately evaluate and measure the detonation performance and driving characteristics of aluminized explosives. Firstly, the free-field shock wave pressure at 2 R0~6 R0 distance of spherical TNT charges and driving law on 3mm steel metal fragments were calculated by numerical simulation. Nextly, according to the Taylor plate theory under strong shock waves, the pressure before cavitation occurs is calculated based on the velocity –time history curve. Finally, underwater near-field explosion and driving steel fragments test were conducted on five different formulations of aluminized explosives based on TNT. The simulation results of TNT underwater explosion shock wave pressure and driving of fragments have high consistency with the experimental results, which also verify the reliability of the method of the shock wave peak pressure calculation by fragment accelerating process. The research results show that for every 5% increase in the content of 2um aluminum, the acceleration time of fragments increases by 4.4%. The larger the particle size of aluminum powder, the longer the acceleration time of fragments, but the smaller the maximum velocity. 20um and 2um aluminum powder absorb energy in the detonation reaction zone, resulting in a decrease in the detonation velocity and pressure of TNT. While 200nm aluminum powder participates in the reaction zone and releases energy, which positively supports the conduction of detonation waves.