In recent years， the frequent occurrence of terrorist attacks and industrial accidental explosions has triggered in-depth research and extensive application of blast wall structures in the field of protective engineering. According to the development sequence， structural characteristics， and explosion-resistant mechanisms of blast walls， this paper classifies and reviews blast walls into traditional blast walls and innovative blast walls. Traditional blast walls mainly use conventional building materials to resist shock waves through the inherent properties of the walls. In contrast， innovative blast walls further enhance their explosion resistance through material and structural innovations. Material innovations mainly involve the use of high-strength materials， fiber-reinforced composites， etc.， which are used to construct the walls， incorporated into the raw materials （such as concrete） of the walls， or attached to the wall surfaces to improve the overall strength and stability of the walls. Structural innovations involve designs such as multi-layer wall structures and sandwich fillings， aiming to enhance the overall explosion-resistant effect by leveraging the performance advantages of different materials. This paper summarizes and generalizes the blast-resistant performance evaluation， application scenarios， experimental and numerical simulation methods， as well as related research results， covering key factors such as material selection， dimension design， shape optimization， and reinforcement methods of blast walls， providing a reference basis for future blast wall designs.