CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
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Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Compounds Based on 1,2,5-Oxadiazole-bridged Bis(1,2,4-oxadiazole)
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School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology

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Grant support: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22538009, 22505109, 22505110), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220958) , China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M764227, 2023M741696), and Open Research Fund Program of National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Chemical Power

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    Abstract:

    Furoxan has been extensively studied due to its high energy provided by potential “nitro” fragment, but the relatively poor stability limits its practical applications. A novel energetic compound, 3,3''-(1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-diyl)bis(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-amine)(1), was synthesized from dicyanofuroxan via a three-step procedure involving reduction, oximation, and cyclization-dehydration reactions. Subsequent nitration of 1 afforded 3-(4-(5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one(2). The structures of both compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis (EA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Results show that compound 1 crystallizes in orthorhombic crystal system, space group PbcnZ = 4, with a crystal density of 1.825 g·cm⁻³. The trihydrate of compound 2·3H₂O crystallizes in triclinic crystal system, space group P1, Z = 2, with a crystal density of 1.641 g·cm-3 Both compounds exhibit high insensitivity to mechanical stimuli, with impact sensitivity >40 J and friction sensitivity >360 N. Their calculated detonation velocity (7921 m·s-1 for 1 and 7660 m·s-1 for 2) and detonation pressure (22.4 GPa for 1 and 20.5 GPa for 2) are superior to those of TNT (6881 m·s-1, 19.5 GPa).

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朱腾,唐杰,程广斌,等.1,2,5-噁二唑桥联双1,2,4-噁二唑化合物的合成及性能[J].含能材料,2026,34(3):241-248.
ZHU Teng, TANG Jie, CHENG Guang-bin, et al. Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Compounds Based on 1,2,5-Oxadiazole-bridged Bis(1,2,4-oxadiazole)[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials,2026,34(3):241-248.

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History
  • Received:October 15,2025
  • Revised:February 04,2026
  • Adopted:January 26,2026
  • Online: February 04,2026
  • Published: