CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS
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Coupled Effects of Water Content and Temperature on the Mechanical Sensitivity of Ammonium Dinitramide
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Affiliation:

1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;2China National Quality Supervision Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials, Nanjing 210094, China

Fund Project:

Grant support: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.12402436)

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    Abstract:

    To investigate the evolution of the mechanical sensitivity of the energetic oxidizer ammonium dinitramide (ADN) under varying moisture and temperature conditions, standard tests specified by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) were carried out in combination with the Langlie–D optimization method. The impact and friction sensitivities of ADN samples with moisture contents of 0, 5%, 10%, and 15% were quantitatively evaluated at 25, 50, and 75 ℃. The results show that both impact and friction sensitivities decrease significantly with increasing moisture content, although the variation is not simply linear and instead exhibits a distinct stagewise pattern. At 25 ℃, the limiting impact energy increased from 4 J for anhydrous ADN to 30 J at 5% moisture content and exceeded 50 J when the moisture content reached 10% or higher. Meanwhile, the minimum friction load increased progressively from 56 N and surpassed the upper measurement limit of the apparatus at 15% moisture content. Further analysis indicates that increasing temperature gradually weakens the desensitizing effect of moisture. At a given moisture content, both the limiting impact energy and the minimum friction load at 50 and 75 ℃ are generally lower than those at 25 ℃, while the corresponding impact and friction ignition-probability curves shift continuously toward lower stimulus levels. Among them, friction sensitivity shows a stronger dependence on temperature. These results suggest that the coupled effects of moisture content and temperature are reflected not only in single threshold values, but also in systematic shifts of the entire ignition-probability curve and the corresponding low-probability risk boundary.

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LIU Song-yuan, XIA Yu, CHENG Zhi-peng, et al. Coupled Effects of Water Content and Temperature on the Mechanical Sensitivity of Ammonium Dinitramide[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials(Hanneng Cailiao),DOI:10.11943/CJEM2026060.

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History
  • Received:March 16,2026
  • Revised:May 06,2026
  • Adopted:April 21,2026
  • Online: April 29,2026
  • Published: