Most cited articles

1 Review on the Aging of Solid Propellants

ZHANG Xing-gao , ZHANG Wei , ZHU Hui , WANG Chun-hua

2008, 16(2):232-237.

[Abstract](10966) [HTML](314) [PDF 1.25 M](5998) [Cited by](94)

Abstract:
The progress of the aging of double-base propellant, nitrate ester polyether (NEPE) propellant, hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellants was reviewed. The aging monitoring methods including spectroscopy method and embedded subminiature sensing devices have been used in recent years abroad. Aging under constant strain or stress, interface dewetting, health monitoring system, aging modeling and simulating are the main trend in the future.

2 Development on Some New Insensitive Individual Explosives Abroad

WANG Zhen-yü

2003, 11(4):227-230.

[Abstract](4763) [HTML](326) [PDF 1.37 M](4453) [Cited by](42)

Abstract:
The syntheses and performances of some new insensitive individual explosives are introduced,including nitro-compound explosives FOX-7,LLM-105,MTNI, 4,6-nityoanilinodinitrobenzofuroxans,PL-1,LLM-116,ANTZ,nitramine explosives I-RDX,TEX and other explosives DAAT,DAAF,DAAzF. The detailed synthetic procedures and a few PBX′s formulations based on the insensitive explosives mentioned above are given,especially those for FOX-7 and LLM-105. In addition,some reference data concerning the properties of a number of insensitive explosives are summarized in this paper. FOX-7 and LLM-105 are attractive for applications in insensitive munitions due to their high energy level,moderate sensitivity,and good thermal stability.

3 Preliminary Research on Damage Enhanced Fragment

HUANG Heng-jian , HUANG Hui , YANG Shi-qing , YANG Pan , ZHANG Tong , XI Yan , LU Xiao-jun

2007, 15(6):566-569.

[Abstract](2174) [HTML](196) [PDF 1.66 M](3655) [Cited by](36)

Abstract:
Damage enhanced materials were used to improve damage efficiency of fragments antiaircraft weapons. A kind of damage enhanced fragments (DEF) containing Al/PTFE with dimension of Φ10 mm×10 mm was designed and prepared. Damage performance experiments show that damage enhance fragments attack targets not only by kinetic energy,but also by combined damages such as exploding,overpressure, high temperature,and setting fire etc. The results show that the designed damage enhance fragments have remarkably higher damage performances than steel fragments with the same dimensions,and its potential chemical energy is 12.4 times as high as its kinetic energy.

4 Study of Catalytic Activity of Nanocrystalline Transition Metal Oxides on NH₄ClO₄

LUO Yuan-xiang , LU Lu-de , WANG Xin , YANG Xu-jie , LIU Xiao-heng

2002, 10(4):148-152.

[Abstract](3109) [HTML](421) [PDF 1.12 M](3505) [Cited by](33)

Abstract:
Catalytic activity of nanocrystalline transition metal oxides on the decomposition of energetic material NH4ClO4 (AP) is investigated by thermal analysis. Results indicated that the nanocrystalline CuO powders have most strongly catalytic activities comparing with other mono-metal oxides. Moreover, the catalytic activities of the nanocrystalline CuO powders on the decomposition of AP have relationship with preparing methods and the microstructure of nanocrystalline CuO powders. Among them, the catalysis of the spherical shape nanocrystal CuO powders with better dispersion on AP decomposition is the strongest, and it can made the higher temperature peak of AP decomposition drop down 93.19 ℃ and made thermal power rise to 1 420 J·g^-1 by 590.12 J·g^-1. Nanocrystalline Fe₂O₃ with doping with Cu²⁺(5%) can greatly enhance its catalytic activity on the decomposition of AP, and it made the higher temperature peak of AP decomposition drop down 78 ℃ by 35 ℃ (continuing dropping 43 ℃), and made thermal power rise to 1 230 J·g^-1by 980.50 J·g^-1. Compared with mono-metal oxides, some new multi-metal oxides have more strongly catalytic activities. Especially compound 1, it made the higher temperature peak of AP decomposition drop down more 110℃ and made thermal power rise to 1 470 J·g^-1.

5 The Coating and Desensitization of CL－20

CHEN Lu－ying , ZHAO Sheng－xiang , YANG Pei－jin , HENG Shu－yun , LI Wei , HUANG Xiao－wu

2006, 14(3):171-173.

[Abstract](2578) [HTML](393) [PDF 1.44 M](3806) [Cited by](32)

Abstract:
The solubility of CL－20 and a number of polymer binders were investigated,and suitable solvents and polymer binders were selected for coating and desensitization of CL－20 with water－suspension coating method. The impact and friction sensitivity test results indicate that the “Estane－G” composite consisting of polymer Estane and graphite,and 20% TATB with small particle size (less than 1 μm) in the compositions is effective on coating and desensitization of CL－20,and the explosion temperature test results indicate that the coating do not affect the thermal sensitivity of CL－20.

6 The Importance of the Insensitive Munitions

DONG Hai-shan

2006, 14(5):321-322.

[Abstract](2137) [HTML](178) [PDF 900.81 K](4366) [Cited by](32)

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7 Review on 3,4-Bisnitrofurazanfuroxan (DNTF)

ZHENG Wei , WANG Jiang-ning

2006, 14(6):463-466.

[Abstract](4192) [HTML](416) [PDF 1.05 M](4766) [Cited by](32)

Abstract:
3,4-bisnitrofurazanfuroxan (DNTF) is a novel high energy density compound. This paper reviews its physicochemical and thermolysis properties. The physicochemical properties show that synthetical properties of DNTF are superior to that of HMX; The thermolysis properties of DNTF indicate that DNTF good thermal stability, the some common lead salts and cuprum salts can catalyze the thermolysis of DNTF. And some applications of DNTF in the explosive composition, CMDB and related item are also reviewed, and the feasibility of DNTF application in CMDB propellant is analyzed emphatically from the aspect of energy, stability and safety.Some problems of DNTF-CMDB propellant are pointed out.

8 Review on High-Nitrogen Energetic Materials

ZHOU Yang , LONG Xin-ping , WANG Xin , SHU Yuan-jie , TIAN An-min

2006, 14(4):315.

[Abstract](3147) [HTML](395) [PDF 1.37 M](3493) [Cited by](31)

Abstract:
The developments and application of high-nitrogen energetic materials are reviewed. The experimental and theoretical research progresses of azine,azido and tetrazole compounds are introduced. The physical and chemical properties of some high-nitrogen compounds which are the potential candidates as high-energy density materials are evaluated. The advantages and disadvantages of the units composing of high-nitrogen compounds are compared and may provide some useful suggestions for molecular design.

9 Mechanical Behaviour and Deformation and Failure Mechanisms of Polymer Bonded Explosives

CHEN Peng-wan , DING Yan-sheng

2000, 8(4):161-164.

[Abstract](3464) [HTML](514) [PDF 1.44 M](3939) [Cited by](30)

Abstract:
The micromechanical phenomena and deformation and failure mechanisms of PBXs are discussed based on the experimental studies of a certain PBX material. PBX material has several kinds of failure pheno-mena. Interface debonding and matrix cavitation are the predominant failure mechanisms.

10 Synthesis Status of Furazano Energetic Derivatives

LI Zhan-xiong , TANG Song-qing , OU Yü-xiang , CHEN Bo-ren

2002, 10(2):59-65.

[Abstract](14643) [HTML](548) [PDF 1.20 M](4993) [Cited by](30)

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In this paper, the synthesis and properties of furazano energetic compounds were discussed from the raw materials—3,4-diaminofurazan (DAF) to chained and macrocyclic furazano derivatives.

11 Study on Synthesis and Main Properties of BNCP

SHENG Di-lun , MA Feng-e , SUN Fei-long , Lü Qiao-li

2000, 8(3):100-103.

[Abstract](15106) [HTML](597) [PDF 1002.36 K](6305) [Cited by](28)

Abstract:
A method is introduced to synthesize a new primary explosive—tetraamminebis (5-nitrotetrazolato) cobalt (Ⅲ) perchlorate (BNCP). Its structure is identifed and some properties are determined.

12 The Influence of Aluminum Power on Explosive Performance

YIN Hai-quan , PAN Qing , ZHANG Jian-liang , WANG Guo-zhu , YANG Qian-sheng

2004, 12(5):318.

[Abstract](3934) [HTML](280) [PDF 910.85 K](4639) [Cited by](28)

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The influence of aluminum powder on explosion heat,metal accelerating ability,overpressure and impulse,and DDT (delflagration to detonation transition) properties is reviewed.

13 Effect of Thermal Cycling Test on the Properties of TATB Based PBX

LI Jing-ming , WEN Mao-ping , HUANG Yi-min

2005, 13(4):208-210.

[Abstract](2145) [HTML](360) [PDF 1.13 M](3124) [Cited by](28)

Abstract:
Thermal cycling tests of TATB based polymer bonded explosives (PBX) samples are undertaken at the scope from －40～75℃. Their dimensions, mechanical properties and detonation performance are also tested before and after the thermal cycling test. The results show that the dimension of TATB based PBX increases with the increasing of cycle number, but the rate of dimension-growth reduces obviously. Because of the surface de-bonding during the thermal cycling test, its modulus, strength and creep properties decrease a little after thermal cycling test. Owing to the void growth during the thermal cycling test, its shock sensitivity increases, but its detonation velocity keeps no change.

14 Discussion on Limitations of the Arrhenius Methodology

GAO Da-yuan , HE Bi , HE Song-wei , DONG Hai-shan , LI Jing-ming

2006, 14(2):132-135.

[Abstract](2320) [HTML](196) [PDF 1.04 M](5677) [Cited by](28)

Abstract:
The application and suitable range of Arrhenius equation are discussed. The applicability of Arrhenius means in heterogeneous non-constant temperature system, thermal analysis and storage research of explosives are shown. The results show that the assumption that activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A change with temperature is approximate. If A and E don′t change seriously during the experimental temperature range, Arrhenius equation can be used. But it should be corrected if it′s used for extrapolation purpose. Moreover,corrected Arrhenius equation has different activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A at different temperature range. It was extrapolated by Bruceton manometer test results that the storage life of GI-920 explosive was 126.95 d,353.62 d,623.46 d and 1143.77 d respectively based on the decomposition extent of 1% at 90 ℃,80 ℃,70 ℃ and 60 ℃.

15 Curing Kinetics of HTPB/TDI/Al System by Non-isothermal DSC

LIU Jing-ru , LUO Yun-jun

2009, 17(1):83-86.

[Abstract](3516) [HTML](216) [PDF 774.58 K](4489) [Cited by](28)

Abstract:
Curing processes of HTPB/TDI and Al/HTPB/TDI composites were measured by non-isothermal differential heating calorimetry at different scanning rates. Results show that the values of apparent activation energy,reaction order and frequency factor of HTPB/TDI system are 51.826 kJ·mol^-1,0.926,2.412×105 min^-1,respectively. After adding aluminum powder,the peak temperature of the curing process is decreased. The values of apparent activation energy,reaction order and frequency factor are increased to be 76.402 kJ·mol^-1,0.944,2.53×108 min^-1,respectively. The curing reaction mechanism of HTPB/TDI meets Avrami-Erofeev Equation G(α)=［-ln(1-α)］ⁿ. The addition of aluminum powder into HTPB/TDI curing system only makes little change on index n. The curing reaction of HTPB/TDI can be accelerated by aluminum powder for the initial 18% of reaction extent and aluminum powder slows down the curing reaction for the latter 82% of reaction extent.

16 Cook-off Test of DNAN Explosive

WANG Hong-xing , WANG Xiao-feng , LUO Yi-ming , JIANG Fang-fang

2009, 17(2):183-186. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2009.02.013

[Abstract](3922) [HTML](227) [PDF 856.62 K](4198) [Cited by](28)

Abstract:
The thermal safety of 2,4-dinitroanisole(DNAN) explosive was studied by cook-off test. The self-ignition temperature,the delay time of thermal explosion and the critical temperature for the thermal explosion of DNAN were obtained,and the test results were compared with that of TNT. The results show that the self-ignition temperature of DNAN is 346.7 ℃,the temperature of 5 s explosion point is 374.1 ℃, and activation energy is 48.37 kJ·mol^-1. Under the ambient temperature of 220 ℃,when DNAN is placed for 48 h, DNAN is nonflammable. DNAN is semi-burned under the ambient temperature of 230 ℃. When the temperature reaches above 240 ℃, thermal decomposition reaction of DNAN occurs. The delay time of thermal explosion was obtained from theoretical calculation at 100 ℃. Results show that DNAN is stable and safe in the melting process of temperature below 100 ℃.

17 Preparation of RDX/Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) Nano-composite Energetic Materials by Sol-Gel Method

GUO Qiu-xia , NIE Fu-de , YANG Guang-cheng , LI Jin-shan , CHU Shi-jin

2006, 14(4):268-271.

[Abstract](4112) [HTML](262) [PDF 1.52 M](4298) [Cited by](27)

Abstract:
Nano-composite energetic materials,hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine/resorcinol-formaldehyde (RDX/RF) aerogel,was prepared by crystallization of RDX in the N,N-dimethyllformamide (DMF) within the nano-dimensional pores of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) gel matrix. The structures of RDX/RF aerogel were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),and BET method. Experimental results show that the grid size formed by RF ranges from several to several decade nm and the mean size of nano-RDX in RDX/RF is 38 nm. The specific surface area for RF aerogel is 551.5 m²·g^-1,and for RDX/RF aerogel is 142.7 m²·g^-1. Compared to the corresponding values of the mechanical mixtures with the same components,the exothermic peak of RDX/RF aerogel moves down about 25 ℃,and the mechanical sensitivity decreases a little.

18 Review on Melt-Castable Explosives Based on 2,4-Dinitroanisole

ZHANG Guang-quan , DONG Hai-shan

2010, 18(5):604-609. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9941.2010.05.027

[Abstract](7993) [HTML](213) [PDF 1.17 M](5646) [Cited by](27)

Abstract:
2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is a promising alternative that possesses suitable melt point and adequate properties,may enable the development of a new class of low sensitivity melt-cast formulations for use in IM by virtue of reduced sensitivity. Synthesis and properties of DNAN including thermal characteristic and compatibility with relevant materials were overviewed. As a key ingredient in low sensitivity melt-castable explosives,DNAN-based formulations were also reviewed.

19 EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM PARTICLE SIZE ON COMBUSTION BEHAVIOR OF PROPELLANTS

Li Shu-fen , Jin Le-ji

1996, 4(2):68-74.

[Abstract](3215) [HTML](277) [PDF 2.70 M](2073) [Cited by](26)

Abstract:
The effects of aluminum particle size on agglomeration situation orburning rate of aluminum powder were investigated.The experimental results and theoritical analysis indicate that the increase of aluminum particle size obviously decreases its agglomeration, but fine-grained aluminum improves its ignition and combustion characteristics.Due to the influence of aluminum particle size on thermal effect of the propellant burning surface, the burning rate decreases with the increase of aluminum particle size in low burning rate propellant,but the situation is opposite to that in high burning rate propellant.Therefore,reasonable use of aluminum particle size is very important to formulation design of solid propellants.

20 The Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

LIU Zi-ru , YIN Cui-mei , KONG Yang-hui , ZHAO Feng-qi , LUO Yang , XIANG Hai

2000, 8(2):75-79.

[Abstract](27639) [HTML](571) [PDF 1.13 M](7518) [Cited by](26)

Abstract:
The thermal decompositions of two kinds of NH₄ClO₄ (AP) with different grain size were investigated by DTA and TC-FTIR coupling. It is proposed that the decomposition of AP crystal obeys the process of “topochemistry ” and it is explained that there are two steps in the decomposition of the coarse grain size. On the basis of the gaseous products identified by real-time and rapid-scan FTIR and reported results in the literatures, the different mechanisms of the two steps during AP decomposition process are suggested.

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